The Antenna

Academic Freedom for the Win; Open Access Mandate in Germany Declared Unconstitutional

A German court ruled against a mandatory article deposit requirement under Germany's "secondary publication right" (SPR). Whatever the intentions, SPR is mainly going to contribute to the degradation of the record of science.

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ARL Daily Intelligence (June 15–18)

Last Updated on June 15, 2026, 3:55 pm ET The ARL Daily Intelligence is the trusted source of news and analysis for library leaders and advocates. Released Monday through Thursday, the ARL Daily...

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Hot take: Learning from Google Scholar and why a tool does not need to be flawless to be useful

What 2004 can teach us about 2024 — and the librarians who keep getting the lesson wrong

Full Circle: Library Collaboration Leads to Significant DNA Data Storage Milestone

This post was authored by Vincent Coltellino from the Library of Congress. Vincent leads the Library’s synthetic DNA data storage initiative, which investigates the feasibility of synthetic DNA as a high-density, scalable, and durable medium for storing the Library’s digital collections. During his first year at the Library, he established a contract with the University of Washington designed to critically analyze the processes required to implement DNA data storage technology on the Library’s digital collections. This partnership has yielded critical lessons that have been relayed to the greater DNA data storage community and a novel contribution to America’s Time Capsule in celebration of the 250th anniversary of the signing of the Declaration of Independence.

Rogue Scholar launched author profiles this week

The science blogging archive Rogue Scholar launched a new feature this week: author profile pages. This feature is similar to functionality common to blogging platforms, but integrates all blog posts by a given author that were archived in Rogue Scholar.

The functionality depends on an ORCID assigned to the blog

Guest Post — The US Government’s New Guidance for Federal Grants and The Case for Scholarly Societies

Today's guest post is an urgent call for the SSP community to push back on the US government (OMB), which is poised to overhaul the concept of federal research grants.

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Welcoming Ithaka S+R’s 2026 Summer Interns

Ithaka S+R is delighted to welcome four summer interns who will contribute to projects across our higher education research and advisory portfolios: Jennifer Butler, Beza Taddess, William Redding, and Brianna Zichettella. Jennifer Butler, a PhD student in sociology and social policy at Princeton University, will join the American Talent Initiative (ATI) team, contributing research and […]

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After Rhode Island Victory, Connecticut Libraries Call on More States to Address Predatory E-Book Pricing (Statement by the Connecticut Library Consortium)

Here’s the Full Text of a Statement by the Connecticut Library Consortium: The Connecticut Library Consortium (CLC) today congratulated Rhode Island lawmakers on passing legislation to address unfair e-book and audiobook licensing practices and called on additional states to pursue similar reforms. Rhode Island’s action comes as libraries across the country continue to struggle under […]

The post After Rhode Island Victory, Connecticut Libraries Call on More States to Address Predatory E-Book Pricing (Statement by the Connecticut Library Consortium) appeared first on Library Journal infoDOCKET.

Ask the Community: Takeaways from SSP 2026

We asked some of the attendees of the recent SSP Annual Meeting in Chula Vista, CA, to answer the question: “What are some takeaways from your experience at SSP 2026?”

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AI Literacy: Join the Latest Cohort

Beginning this July, Ithaka S+R will convene a cohort of 15-20 colleges and universities to explore how existing information literacy frameworks can be adapted and revised to reflect the changing realities of an AI-driven information ecosystem. The project will bring together librarians, teaching and learning professionals, and other campus leaders committed to advancing AI literacy as a core learning outcome.

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Guest Post — Fixing the Leaky Metadata Pipeline: A Conversation with the Creator of Research Nexus Score

Today, guest blogger Rob Johnson speaks with the creator of Research Nexus Score, and observes that metadata quality has gone from a niche concern to a sector-wide anxiety.

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Three Perspectives on the AAC&U Conference on Learning and Student Success

In April, we had the opportunity to attend the 2026 AAC&U Conference on Learning and Student Success, or CLASS, in Tucson, Arizona. This year’s conference centered around the theme of courageous care, with sessions exploring topics from campus culture and community building to the current state of AI literacy initiatives for students and staff. During […]

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More Perfect and Urban Libraries Council (ULC) Select Eight Public Libraries Selected for Local News Partnership Project

From an Urban Libraries Council Announcement: Today, More Perfect, an American alliance dedicated to revitalizing democracy, and the Urban Libraries Council (ULC), an organization dedicated to strengthening libraries as dynamic civic institutions, announced that eight ULC members have been selected for a national pilot program to connect public libraries to local news organizations. The program […]

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What is Juneteenth?

What is Juneteenth? Mary Elliott, the Curator of American Slavery, from the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture explains: “Juneteenth is a…

The World in an Archive: Preserving the Websites of Geographers, Cartographers, and Map Enthusiasts

The Geographic and Cartographic Professional Societies and Organizations Web Archive preserves the websites of groups shaping our understanding of the world. In this interview, Carissa Pastuch discusses how the collection was built, what it includes and why preserving born-digital content is increasingly important for documenting the field of geography and cartography.

Building Scholar-Ready AI: A Conversation with Todd Toler

A conversation on AI retrieval, the provenance problem, and the shared infrastructure scholarly publishing needs.

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Understanding the CORE Dashboard: Managing Repository Content with the Content Tab

The Content tab is the central location for managing the information CORE holds about your repository. It provides repository managers with a complete view of the outputs indexed by CORE and offers tools for reviewing content, checking availability, managing visibility, and responding to content removal requests. In this installment of the CORE Dashboard Educational Series, … Continue reading Understanding the CORE Dashboard: Managing Repository Content with the Content Tab

Ithaka S+R Introduces a New LibGuide: Understanding the Environmental Impacts of Artificial Intelligence (New Research Resource)

From a Post by Claire Baytas, Ithaka S+R: As colleges and universities increase their adoption of artificial intelligence, and particularly generative AI, there is a parallel, rising need for AI literacy instruction. Since librarians are experts in information literacy and technology, they are often on the frontlines of providing training in AI literacy. Indeed, this […]

The post Ithaka S+R Introduces a New LibGuide: Understanding the Environmental Impacts of Artificial Intelligence (New Research Resource) appeared first on Library Journal infoDOCKET.

Understanding the Environmental Impacts of Artificial Intelligence

Today, we are publishing a LibGuide focused on the Environmental Impacts of AI, as a part of our Incorporating Environmental Perspectives into AI Literacy project, funded by the Mellon Foundation. The LibGuide’s objective is to help users attain a baseline understanding of the varied environmental consequences behind AI technology. The LibGuide’s articles, reports, podcasts, videos, data trackers, and other types of resources address environmental impacts throughout the AI lifecycle.

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Guest Post — Trust & Community Are the Moat, Infrastructure is Your Leverage: Dispatches from PurePub.AI

Today's guest post asserts that AI infrastructure will let publishers truly leverage machines, while brand and community are what will keep them meaningful to humans.

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Report: House Votes to Take Over Librarian of Congress Appointment Power

From Roll Call: House lawmakers passed a bill Monday aimed at preventing future executive branch interference in some legislative branch agencies, a year after President Donald Trump fired the librarian of Congress. It would allow House and Senate leaders to appoint the heads of both the Library of Congress and the Government Publishing Office, removing […]

The post Report: House Votes to Take Over Librarian of Congress Appointment Power appeared first on Library Journal infoDOCKET.

ARL Daily Intelligence (June 8–11)

Last Updated on June 11, 2026, 3:18 pm ET The ARL Daily Intelligence is the trusted source of news and analysis for library leaders and advocates. Released Monday through Thursday, the ARL Daily...

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2026 Designing Storage Architectures for Digital Collections

This post by Vincent Coltellino from the Library of Congress describes the 2026 Designing Storage Architectures for Digital Collections (DSA) meeting. The event is a venue for broad discussions of digital storage advancements, challenges, and solutions. On March 9-10, 2026, the Library hosted its 20th iteration of this collaborative (and now international) meeting.

Why I Joined Ithaka S+R

I was in the room at the Frankfurt STM meeting in 2015 when my friend and now colleague Roger Schonfeld delivered a talk that changed how I understood the problem I thought I had been working on for most of my career. Roger mapped the researcher scholarly journal access experience in plain terms. Journals were […]

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Guest Post — Advancing Federated Identity in the Library Ecosystem

Federated identity should be a natural fit for library access. So why isn’t it?

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What a year of testing & thinking about AI academic search taught me

The Chatbot Is the Wrong Mental Model

Collaboration with Knowledge Futures to build support for high-volume DOI registration

Cross-posted from the Knowledge Futures blog.

For many years, PubPub has made it possible for communities to assign DOIs to a range of outputs and component Pubs. Knowledge Futures and Crossref are building together to test the limits of what’s possible for high-volume, high-granularity DOI management. That means fast prototypes, real building, and learning through the process.

What this looks like

We’re starting by building. The goal is to get working prototypes in front of real use cases as quickly as we can, and let the technical, UX, operational, and infrastructure questions get answered through that process. What does it take to register and manage DOIs at a level of volume and granularity that goes beyond what most existing tools support? We’ll find out by trying.

A broader orientation for KF

This is also an example of where Knowledge Futures is headed more generally. We’re taking what we’ve learned from building publishing infrastructure and applying it across different parts of the scholarly communication ecosystem. Not siloed within PubPub development, but open to building more broadly and collaborating across organizational lines.

We’ve spent close to a decade learning what it takes to build and maintain reliable infrastructure for knowledge communities. That experience doesn’t have to live inside one product. We think working this way puts us in a stronger position as stewards of the things we maintain, and it opens the door to more collaboration across the ecosystem.

Aligned direction with Crossref

As Crossref adoption has skyrocketed, enabling DOIs for a vast range of research objects and organizations, they are looking to support these objects at scale and further upstream than traditional outputs. Alongside its fee remodelling effort begun in 2023, Crossref is backing this work with a $258k investment, partnering with Knowledge Futures to explore new models for the future of open research infrastructure.

Get involved

We’d love to hear your thoughts about high-volume, high-granularity DOIs. What’s your use case? What would it unlock for your community? Want to be involved in the design process? This collaboration with Crossref is just one piece of where we’re headed. If you’re curious about what we’re up to, or have something you’d like to share with us, get in touch. We’d love to tell you what we’re working on and hear what excites you too.

Journal Article: “From AI Anxiety to Strategic Regulation: How University Students Transform Generative AI Into a Strategic Learning Resource”

The article linked below was published by Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence. Title From AI Anxiety to Strategic Regulation: How University Students Transform Generative AI Into a Strategic Learning Resource Authors Eunjeo Kim Graduate School of Education, Dankook University, Republic of Korea Source Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence DOI: 10.1016/j.caeai.2026.100622 Abstract This study examined how university […]

The post Journal Article: “From AI Anxiety to Strategic Regulation: How University Students Transform Generative AI Into a Strategic Learning Resource” appeared first on Library Journal infoDOCKET.

Audio Publishers Association Reports Audiobook Sales Jump 9% to $2.43 Billion

From an APA Release: The Audio Publishers Association Sales Survey, conducted by Toluna, shows audiobook sales revenue continuing to grow, reaching $2.43 billion in 2025, 9% over the previous year. Publishers reported over 750,000 active titles in 2025, a 43% increase from 2024. The Audio Publishers Association 2026 Consumer Survey, conducted by Edison Research at […]

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New Service Inventory Supports Cost-Recovery Efforts

Last Updated on June 5, 2026, 12:08 pm ET Research libraries are more than the collections they manage. But, a recent report argues, when outdated perceptions obscure the diverse offerings...

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Computational Data Services: An Interview with Rachel Trent

In this interview, Rachel Trent, a Senior Digital Collections Data Librarian, shares all about her role in coordinating the Library of Congress's Computational Data Services program!

Ask the Chefs: SSP 2026 Annual Meeting

The Chefs offer their reflections on last week's SSP Annual Meeting.

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UNC-Chapel Hill Launches Statewide Study on Libraries and Generative AI in Local Communities

From UNC-Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill has launched a new state-wide two-year collaborative planning and pilot study aimed at understanding how North Carolina communities are encountering generative artificial intelligence and how local libraries can support AI literacy in meaningful, locally relevant and sustainable ways. [Clip] The project, “Local Libraries and […]

The post UNC-Chapel Hill Launches Statewide Study on Libraries and Generative AI in Local Communities appeared first on Library Journal infoDOCKET.

Rogue Scholar Newsletter May 2026

This is the May 2026 issue of the monthly newsletter from the Rogue Scholar science blog archive. The newsletter reports on new blogs that have joined the platform, important technical updates in Rogue Scholar infrastructure, community updates, and other news relevant to Rogue Scholar users.

Blogs added to Rogue

The Rise of China’s Scholarly Publishing System Part 2: Navigating China’s Publishing Ambition — Strategic Options for International Publishers

China's publishing ambitions create genuine competitive pressures, but they also open opportunities for collaboration and highlight challenges that neither side can address alone

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The Rise of China’s Scholarly Publishing System Part 1: China’s Journal Ecosystem Is Accelerating

China is no longer simply a major contributor to global research output; it is increasingly becoming a key force shaping the future of scholarly publishing. Understanding what is actually happening, and why, is the necessary first step before considering how publishers should respond.

The post The Rise of China’s Scholarly Publishing System Part 1: China’s Journal Ecosystem Is Accelerating appeared first on The Scholarly Kitchen.

May 2026

Last Updated on June 2, 2026, 12:03 pm ET ARL Public Policy Briefing (May 2026) In May, the US Congress reintroduced the bipartisan NO FAKES Act with language negotiated by...

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Scholarly Publishing: Wiley Acquires Emerald For $452 Million in All-Cash Transaction

Here’s the Full Text of the Wiley News Release: Wiley today announced it has acquired Emerald Publishing Limited (“Emerald”) from Cambridge Information Group (CIG) in an all-cash transaction valued at £337 million, or USD 452 million. The acquisition expands Wiley’s journal portfolio to approximately 2,500 titles and establishes it as a leader in the social […]

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Data Reuse is the Sincerest Form of Flattery

A powerful way to quantify article quality has been hiding in plain sight. It's time to bring data citations into the limelight.

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Rogue Scholar has now archived 50,000 science blog posts

The science blog archive Rogue Scholar last week achieved an important milestone: archiving 50,000 science blog posts, will searchable full-text, rich metadata, and DOIs.

Rogue Scholar started to archive science blog posts in April 2023, started archiving all content with the Internet Archive Archive-It service in October

ALA, ARL, COSLA, EveryLibrary, SAA, ULC, and Others Call on Congress to Fund IMLS

Via the American Library Association (ALA): Today, ten cultural organizations, including the American Library Association (ALA),  called on Congress to expand federal funding for the Institute of Museum and Library Services (IMLS) in its fiscal year (FY) 2027 appropriations bills, which are scheduled for markup by a House Appropriations Subcommittee later this week. Addressed to members […]

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District of Columbia e-Book Fairness Act Signed by Mayor, Defying Corporate Pressure and Private Equity Lobbying (Statement From eBook Study Group)

From the eBook Study Group: The eBook Study Group (ESG) celebrates a historic milestone for public digital access as District of Columbia Mayor Muriel Bowser has officially signed B26-0490, the “Library E-book Pricing Fairness Amendment Act of 2025.” The legislation, which was drafted by the eBook Study Group, marks a decisive legislative victory for public […]

The post District of Columbia e-Book Fairness Act Signed by Mayor, Defying Corporate Pressure and Private Equity Lobbying (Statement From eBook Study Group) appeared first on Library Journal infoDOCKET.

Hot take: Stop calling poor search rankings necessary friction for learning

Boundary learning, adjacent literature, and why intentional design beats accidental noise.

ARL Daily Intelligence (June 1–4)

Last Updated on June 5, 2026, 12:53 pm ET The ARL Daily Intelligence is the trusted source of news and analysis for library leaders and advocates. Released Monday through Thursday, the ARL Daily...

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Keep the News in the Wayback Machine

For nearly 30 years, the Internet Archive’s Wayback Machine has helped preserve the public record. It has captured more than 1 trillion web pages, documented history in real time, and […]

Roundup: Federal Research Funding Proposed Rule: Media Coverage, Statements, and Submissions

Ed. Note: Below find with links to media coverage, statements, etc. re: the Office of Management and Budget’s recently published PROPOSED Uniform Guidance Revisions. We will update this roundup on a regular basis and will focus on materials of special interest to libraries, scholarly communications, higher education, and other areas we post about on infoDOCKET.  […]

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Guest Post — Proposed Uniform Guidance Revisions Would Eliminate Journal Subscriptions and APCs as Allowable Federal Grant Costs

New guidance from the US government on research funding makes publishing and journal subscription costs unallowable.

The post Guest Post — Proposed Uniform Guidance Revisions Would Eliminate Journal Subscriptions and APCs as Allowable Federal Grant Costs appeared first on The Scholarly Kitchen.

Co-access deprecation is coming: are you ready?

Last September, we announced we’d be deprecating co-access and encouraging its ~100 users to use our multiple resolution service. We announced that no new DOIs will be placed in co-access from 1st of July 2026 and that the ensuing 6 months should be spent cleaning up records already in co-access and moving them over to multiple resolution.

We’re here with a reminder: co-access is being deprecated…and with an update: To help with the transition to multiple resolution, we offer a tool that simplifies the process and documentation about how to set up multiple resolution.

We’re sure you have questions and we have answers:

What will happen if I need to update metadata about an existing book in co-access after 1 July 2026?

Metadata records about books already in co-access can still be updated, until co-access is fully deprecated in January 2027.

What is multiple resolution and why should I use it instead of co-access?

Multiple resolution allows for more than one resolution URL to be registered to a single DOI. A user resolving the DOI is presented with an interim page, allowing them to choose from the various content sources registered with this DOI. Unlike co-access, multiple resolution allows for the creation of a single DOI for each item, regardless of where it might be hosted, which results in more accurate citation counts and usage statistics.

How can I migrate existing content from co-access to multiple resolution?

You and the other entities involved in the co-access relationship need to establish (or, agree on) the DOI of record to be used for that book going forward (i.e., the definitive DOI that should be shared, cited, and used on your landing pages). We propose that the DOI associated with the publisher be used as the definitive DOI for the book and its chapters. All other DOIs should be aliased to that definitive DOI (we also call definitive DOIs primary DOIs in the primary/alias relationship of duplicate DOIs).

Members with co-access DOIs can email a tab-separated list of definitive DOIs and their aliases to us for aliasing to support@crossref.org. From there, members can use our new multiple resolution tool to unlock DOIs for multiple resolution and register secondary URLs for the definitive DOIs in question. Our new tool helps with both. [You will need your Crossref credentials to login to the tool.]

Example tab-separated list of definitive DOIs and aliases

H:email=youremail@address.com;op=force_alias;delim=tab
10.5555/primarybook1 10.9876/alias1book1
10.5555/primarybook1 10.50505/alias2book1
10.5555/primarybook2 10.9876/alias1book2

What will happen if I try to register a duplicate DOI for a book that has been previously registered (i.e., the process that would have previously triggered co-access) after 1 July 2026?

Your deposit will return an error, letting you know co-access has been deprecated. The initial registration of a book will be processed free of errors (thus, the publisher with the rights to publish the book really should be the Crossref member determining and registering the book’s DOI of record). Any registration of a duplicate DOI for that same book will result in a failed submission with an error highlighting the previously registered DOI.

Have more questions that weren’t answered? We’re happy to help. Head over to our community forum to continue the conversation.

Working Together to Improve Access to Scholarly Content for People with Disabilities: Elsevier’s Library Connect Interview

Last Updated on June 1, 2026, 3:02 pm ET I’m pleased to share this interview, “Working Together to Improve Access to Scholarly Content for People with Disabilities,” of me and...

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Guest Post — Scholarly AI Search Shortcomings and the Need for Better Metadata

AI scholarly search tools often miss important literature due to incomplete metadata. Better full-text-derived metadata could significantly improve discovery.

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Webinar Recording: CORE FreshFinds as a solution for populating repositories

Last week, CORE and Jisc hosted a webinar on the development of CORE FreshFinds as a solution for populating repositories following the retirement of Publications Router. The discussion brought together repository managers and members of the scholarly communications community to explore questions around repository workflows, metadata quality, full text discovery, interoperability, deposit workflows, and sustainable … Continue reading Webinar Recording: CORE FreshFinds as a solution for populating repositories

Why Digital Preservation Matters: Lessons from the Churchill Archives Centre

Digital Preservation Is About More Than Storage Digital preservation is no longer just a technical concern for archivists and IT teams. For archives, libraries, museums, universities, and cultural heritage institutions, ensuring long-term access to born-digital collections has become a strategic necessity. From obsolete file formats to fragmented storage systems, institutions worldwide face growing risks of […]

The post Why Digital Preservation Matters: Lessons from the Churchill Archives Centre appeared first on LIBNOVA.

Why I Request ROR IDs for New Crossref Members

Collin Knopp-Schwyn of Crossref shares how they began contributing to the ROR dataset and discusses the value of ROR users providing curation requests to the registry.

Beyond the Article, Beyond the APC: What We Learned from 18 Months of R&D

Today's post shares the results of an initiative designed to answer the question: what would it actually take to build a publishing model fit for the research ecosystem we have now, rather than the one we inherited?

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Building Open Infrastructure That Lasts: A Spotlight on Digital Scholar

A case study with Sharon Leon, Co-CEO of the Corporation for Digital Scholarship (Digital Scholar)

Two Libraries, Two Sets of Superpowers: The Internet Archive and the NOAA Library

This is the story of two libraries supporting one another to ensure physical preservation and broad access to great research collections.  The first is the NOAA Library, an institution that […]

The User Has Changed. Has Scholarly Publishing?

For scholarly publishers, the user has changed faster than the systems designed to serve them, and the gap between the two is where most of the difficult work is happening.

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ARL Daily Intelligence (May 26–28)

Last Updated on May 28, 2026, 3:17 pm ET The ARL Daily Intelligence is the trusted source of news and analysis for library leaders and advocates. Released Monday through Thursday, the ARL Daily...

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New Online at the Library of Congress: May 2026

In our May 2026 edition of "What’s New Online at the Library of Congress," we share updates to the Library's digital collections, volunteer transcriptions, datasets, and more. Click through for more!

Seven Questions about CC Signals

With CC Signals, Creative Commons wants to help authors put rules on use of their licensed content for AI training. The problem is, one of the licenses already permits free and unlimited reuse of that content, for any and all purposes. And the licenses are irrevocable.

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Two billion citation links in Crossref help research travel further

We’ve recently reached an important milestone for the research nexus: the works in our metadata corpus are now connected with over 2 billion citation links! This is a great opportunity to share a dedicated dataset and discuss why these are important for science.

The reference metadata is a lifeline of discoverability. Scholars use citations to critique and build on existing research. They acknowledge the contributions of others through references. Our members can then deposit those references as part of metadata with Crossref, and we use those to link the cited and citing objects. This results in complex thematic networks that can be explored by interested researchers. Many tools for research discovery use the linked reference metadata in Crossref to support searches of related content.

The citation links are derived from bibliographic references in the metadata of one work that include DOIs of materials it cites (scholarly works, data, code, etc.). It’s always best if the members can deposit these relationships in full. In a recent post, we shared that nearly half of these links are asserted by our members through metadata deposits, and the other half are created thanks to our automated matching. This form of metadata enrichment happens when members include some information about the references but without the DOI of the cited work, and it’s enough to automatically find and add that DOI. The enrichment supports making data more useful for the community.

The most important impact of citation links is the increased discoverability of connected works. Reference metadata is an important tool for improving visibility and readership of our members’ content. These links are also the foundation of our Cited-by service, which enables implementing members to display citation counts of the work they published on their landing pages.

The chart below shows the cumulative count of citations over time, by the created date of the citing DOI’s record. These include records linked by DOI either through member-submitted metadata or matched by Crossref, as well as records that are unmatched. Unmatched records can include records that we were unable to match with the information we have, but also records that truly have no DOI to link to. You can explore the full citation dataset of all 2 billion citation links between Crossref DOIs available now as a (somewhat hefty) download.

Cumulative count of references deposited to Crossref by created date of citing DOI

The push for open citation data is something that has unfolded over the last few decades, making more and more of these relationships public. Notably, the growth in citation links reflects not just the output of new scholarship, but also a sustained effort to extend coverage of the historical scholarly record. We can see evidence of this playing out over time by looking at our historical data—periodic snapshots of Crossref’s metadata going back to 2019. When comparing successive snapshots and examining the publication dates of citing and cited works, we can classify each newly appearing citation as either a new paper citation, or a retrospective one. A new citation is where the citing work was published since the previous snapshot, representing real growth in the scholarly record. A retrospective citation is where both papers already existed but the link between them had not yet been captured by Crossref, and these represent indexing catchup rather than new publishing activity.

The chart below shows the cumulative count of citations added in each category since 2019. In the early years of our data, retrospective backfill was the dominant source: the blue line climbs steeply from 2019 to 2021 as a large volume of previously uncaptured historical citation relationships entered the corpus. Over time, however, that rate of backfilling has levelled off. New paper citations, meanwhile, have grown steadily throughout the period, and by 2025 they surpassed the cumulative retrospective total. The open citation ecosystem continues recovering historical links, but the citation network’s growth is now increasingly driven by the natural momentum of scholarly publishing itself.

Cumulative citations added to Crossref by type, 2019–2026. Retrospective citations (blue) represent links to and from works that existed before the previous snapshot; new paper citations (green) come from works published since the last snapshot.

Combined with other metadata for more context, reference metadata supports bibliographic and meta-research on different aspects of the scholarly process, and can support judgements about research integrity and conflicts of interest.

Stereotypically, when talking about references, we consider links to published works (whether preprints, journal articles, or books). However all types of records in Crossref can be cited. Thanks to the changes in our latest schema, members can now signal the types of content that is being referenced. And with our new Data citations endpoint, the community can explore specifically links from Crossref-registered records to research data, including citation links to works within Crossref, as well as DataCite’s corpus.

Close to half of all records registered with Crossref still have none or not enough reference information to make such connections. We invite members to regular Metadata health-check webinars to support them in improving completeness of their records for increased transparency and visibility.